Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis

Murat Biyik; Mehmet Asil; Zeynep Biyik

doi:10.29333/ejgm/81907

Full Text (PDF)

Murat Biyik ¹ ^* , Mehmet Asil ², Zeynep Biyik ³

More Detail

¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital² Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University³ Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Kidney dysfunction is a common and potentially life-threating event in patients with cirrhosis, and underlying mechanisms for renal dysfunction are quite variable. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is relatively frequent encountered in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Nevertheless, chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs in almost 1% of all patients with cirrhosis. In this review various renal problems encountered in cirrhotic patients are discussed and strategies to prevent renal dysfunction are suggested.

Keywords

liver cirrhosis
acute kidney injury
chronic kidney failure

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Review Article

EUR J GEN MED, 2016, Volume 13, Issue 3, 55-60

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

Publication date: 06 Aug 2016

Article Views: 1223

Article Downloads: 804

Open Access References How to cite this article

References

Pipili C, Cholongitas E. Renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis: Where do we stand? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Aug 6;5(3):156-68.
Talwalkar JA, Kamath PS. Influence of recent advances in medical management on clinical outcomes of cirrhosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Nov;80(11):1501-8.
Pinzani M, Rosselli M, Zuckermann M. Liver cirrhosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr;25(2):281-90.
Egerod Israelsen M, Gluud LL, Krag A. Acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Feb;30(2):236-43.
Gines P, Schrier RW. Renal failure in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 24;361(13):1279-90.
Benoit JN, Granger DN. Splanchnic hemodynamics in chronic portal hypertension. Semin Liver Dis. 1986 Nov;6(4):287-98.
Martell M, Coll M, Ezkurdia N, Raurell I, Genesca J. Physiopathology of splanchnic vasodilation in portal hypertension. World J Hepatol. 2010 Jun 27;2(6):208-20.
Moller S, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH. Pathophysiological basis of pharmacotherapy in the hepatorenal syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 May;40(5):491-500.
Iwakiri Y. The molecules: mechanisms of arterial vasodilatation observed in the splanchnic and systemic circulation in portal hypertension. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov-Dec;41 Suppl 3:S288-94.
Martin PY, Gines P, Schrier RW. Nitric oxide as a mediator of hemodynamic abnormalities and sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 20;339(8):533-41.
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):217-31.
Dundar HZ, Yilmazlar T. Management of hepatorenal syndrome. World J Nephrol. 2015 May 6;4(2):277-86.
Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gines P, Wong F, Arroyo V. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut. 2007 Sep;56(9):1310-8.
Alessandria C, Ozdogan O, Guevara M, et al. MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: relevance to liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005 Jun;41(6):1282-9.
Sherman DS, Fish DN, Teitelbaum I. Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Feb;41(2):269-78.
Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P. Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care. 2004 Aug;8(4):R204-12.
Jenq CC, Tsai MH, Tian YC, et al. RIFLE classification can predict short-term prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Nov;33(11):1921-30.
Cholongitas E, Calvaruso V, Senzolo M, et al. RIFLE classification as predictive factor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis admitted to intensive care unit. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;24(10):1639-47.
Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31.
Tu KH, Jenq CC, Tsai MH, et al. Outcome scoring systems for short-term prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Shock. 2011 Nov;36(5):445-50.
Piano S, Rosi S, Maresio G, et al. Evaluation of the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites. J Hepatol. 2013 Sep;59(3):482-9.
Belcher JM, Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, et al. Association of AKI with mortality and complications in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2013 Feb;57(2):753-62.
Wong F, O’Leary JG, Reddy KR, et al. New consensus definition of acute kidney injury accurately predicts 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and infection. Gastroenterology. 2013 Dec;145(6):1280-8 e1.
Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA, et al. Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut. 2011 May;60(5):702-9.
Choi YJ, Kim JH, Koo JK, et al. Prevalence of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis according to ADQI-IAC working party proposal. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2014 Jun;20(2):185-91.
Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;120(4):c179-84.
Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. J Hepatol. 2015 Apr;62(4):968-74.
Andrassy KM. Comments on ‘KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease’. Kidney Int. 2013 Sep;84(3):622-3.
De Silva ST, Perera RP, Niriella MA, Pathmeswaran A, de Silva HJ. Frequency, pattern and short-term outcome of chronic renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study using HRS and ADQI-IAC criteria. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Nov;26(11):1296-9.
Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2008 Dec;48(6):2064-77.
Hartleb M, Gutkowski K. Kidneys in chronic liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jun 28;18(24):3035-49.
Ozkok A, Yildiz A. Hepatitis C virus associated glomerulopathies. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jun 28;20(24):7544-54.
Elewa U, Sandri AM, Kim WR, Fervenza FC. Treatment of hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(1):c41-9; discussion c9.
Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Giuggioli D, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2014 Oct 15;5(5):586-600.
Angeli P, Sanyal A, Moller S, et al. Current limits and future challenges in the management of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis: report from the International Club of Ascites. Liver Int. 2013 Jan;33(1):16-23.
Dudley FJ, Kanel GC, Wood LJ, Reynolds TB. Hepatorenal syndrome without avid sodium retention. Hepatology. 1986 Mar-Apr;6(2):248-51.
Belcher JM, Sanyal AJ, Peixoto AJ, et al. Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury. Hepatology. 2014 Aug;60(2):622-32.
Mindikoglu AL, Weir MR. Current concepts in the diagnosis and classification of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis. Am J Nephrol. 2013;38(4):345-54.
Koulaouzidis A. Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: an update on leucocyte esterase reagent strips. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 7;17(9):1091-4.
De Waele JJ, De Laet I, Kirkpatrick AW, Hoste E. Intraabdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011 Jan;57(1):159-69.
Follo A, Llovet JM, Navasa M, et al. Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis. Hepatology. 1994 Dec;20(6):1495-501.
Tandon P, Garcia-Tsao G. Renal dysfunction is the most important independent predictor of mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Mar;9(3):260-5.
Perdomo Coral G, Alves de Mattos A. Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: incidence and prognosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;17(3):187-90.
Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol. 2000 Jan;32(1):142-53.
Lata J, Stiburek O, Kopacova M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a severe complication of liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov 28;15(44):5505-10.
Fernandez J, Navasa M, Planas R, et al. Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007 Sep;133(3):818-24.
Bunchorntavakul C, Chavalitdhamrong D. Bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2012 May 27;4(5):158-68.
Taneja SK, Dhiman RK. Prevention and management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. Int J Hepatol. 2011;2011:784540.
Pleguezuelo M, Benitez JM, Jurado J, Montero JL, De la Mata M. Diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2013 Jan 27;5(1):16-25.
Loulergue P, Pol S, Mallet V, Sogni P, Launay O. Why actively promote vaccination in patients with cirrhosis? J Clin Virol. 2009 Nov;46(3):206-9.
Yang L, Yuan LJ, Dong R, et al. Two surgical procedures for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec 28;19(48):9418-24.
Cardenas A, Gines P, Uriz J, et al. Renal failure after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors, and short-term prognosis. Hepatology. 2001 Oct;34(4 Pt 1):671-6.
Biecker E. Portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnosis, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug 21;19(31):5035-50.
Zhang X, Wang SZ, Zheng JF, et al. Clinical efficacy of tolvaptan for treatment of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug 28;20(32):11400- 5.
Moore KP, Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut. 2006 Oct;55 Suppl 6:vi1-12.
Salerno F, Guevara M, Bernardi M, et al. Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2010 Aug;30(7):937-47.
EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010 Sep;53(3):397-417.

How to cite this article

Vancouver

Biyik M, Asil M, Biyik Z. Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis. EUR J GEN MED. 2016;13(3):55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

APA

Biyik, M., Asil, M., & Biyik, Z. (2016). Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis. European Journal of General Medicine, 13(3), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

AMA

Biyik M, Asil M, Biyik Z. Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis. EUR J GEN MED. 2016;13(3), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

Chicago

Biyik, Murat, Mehmet Asil, and Zeynep Biyik. "Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis". European Journal of General Medicine 2016 13 no. 3 (2016): 55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

Harvard

Biyik, M., Asil, M., and Biyik, Z. (2016). Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis. European Journal of General Medicine, 13(3), pp. 55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

MLA

Biyik, Murat et al. "Renal dysfunctions in cirrhosis". European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016, pp. 55-60. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81907

Electronic Journal of General Medicine

Abstract

Keywords

License