Renal-adrenal fusion: A literature review starting from a unique case in an anxious achondroplasia patient
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Mihaela Craescu 1 , Carmen Pantis 2 , Elena Niculet 1 3 * , Camelia Soponaru 4 , Carmen Bobeica 1 , Cristina Vicol 5 , Gabriela Gurau 1 , Alin Laurentiu Tatu 3 6 7 , Sorin Deacu 8 9 , Alexandru Nechifor 6 * , Mihaiela Lungu 6 , Iulia Chiscop 10 , Laura Bujoreanu-Bezman 10 , Ciprian Dinu 11 , Caterina Dumitru 12 , Mariana Lupoae 12 , Alin Codrut Nicolescu 13 , Cristian Onisor 1
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1 Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA2 Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, ROMANIA3 Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research Center, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA4 Psychology Faculty, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iasi, ROMANIA5 “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, ROMANIA6 Department of Clinical Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA7 Department of Dermatology, “Saint Parascheva” Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital, Galati, ROMANIA8 Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, Constanta, ROMANIA9 Department of Forensic Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, ROMANIA10 Department of Clinical Surgical, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA11 Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA12 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA13 Medical Center “Roma” for Diagnosis and Treatment, Bucharest, ROMANIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

A rare renal-adrenal pathology found in an anxious and achondroplastic patient. The aim is to explore renal-adrenal fusion and to find a link between achondroplasia, anxiety and this extremely rare diagnosis, which was associated with another rare finding, an ectopic adrenal gland. Emphasis was put on the patient’s medical decision having devastating results. Only 18 medical literature reports were found up until 2023 regarding renal-adrenal fusion, a diagnosis which is made mostly incidentally, in imaging studies. The case-based analysis was focused on the patient’s background concurrent pathologies–achondroplasia and anxiety disorder, with literature insights on the renal-adrenal fusion (identified as a 1.8 × 1.7 × 0.7 cm mass on the superior renal pole) with ectopic adrenal gland. The patient’s evolution from the initial uncertain diagnosis to the rash and anxiety-induced surgical decision (against medical advice), to the final diagnosis revealed by pathology examination. The rarity of this pathology and the complexity of the patient’s case have important implications in clinical practice.

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Article Type: Review Article

ELECTRON J GEN MED, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2026, Article No: em719

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18078

Publication date: 11 Mar 2026

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