Maternal nutritional status in first-trimester pregnant women – A pilot study
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Bogdan Ioan Ștefănescu 1 2 , George Țocu 1 2 * , Corina Manole 1 2 , Georgiana Bianca Constantin 1 , Valerii Luțenco 1 2 , Tiberiu Ioan Mihalache 1 2 , Andrei Alin Ionescu 1 2, Miruna Maria Ștefănescu 3, Laurențiu Tony Hangan 4 , Sergiu Ioachim Chirilă 4
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1 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Galati, ROMANIA2 “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galati, ROMANIA3 Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, ROMANIA4 Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, ROMANIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background/objectives: Spontaneous abortion (SAb) is the most frequent first-trimester complication, often with unclear etiology. This study compared hematological and biochemical markers of maternal nutritional status at clinical presentation in women with ongoing pregnancy and first-trimester SAb.
Methods: A prospective analytical observational comparative study included 127 women at 6 to 11 gestational weeks admitted between September and December 2025. The ongoing pregnancy group included 105 women, and the SAb group included 22 women. Hematological indices, serum proteins, vitamin B12, iron, ferritin, folate, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were assessed.
Results: SAb was associated with lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron, folate, and vitamin D levels, while vitamin B12 was higher. Ferritin, calcium, and magnesium did not differ significantly.
Conclusions: Serum folate and vitamin D remain associated with SAb, without proving causality or predictive value.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Original Article

ELECTRON J GEN MED, Volume 23, Issue 6, December 2026, Article No: em762

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/19772

Publication date: 04 Nov 2026

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