COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time

Mohamad Aljofan; Abduzhappar Gaipov

doi:10.29333/ejgm/7890

Full Text (PDF)

Mohamad Aljofan ¹ ^* , Abduzhappar Gaipov ²

More Detail

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, KAZAKHSTAN
² Department of Clinical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, KAZAKHSTAN
^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

The new outbreak of the novel coronavirus infection emerged in Wuhan- China in late 2019, by the end of Mar 2020, it has spread in more than 178 countries and territories. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Currently, there are several drugs and vaccines being tested for their potential activity against the disease. In this review, we briefly discuss some of the investigational drugs and vaccines being tested against COVID-19 as well as their potential drawbacks.

Keywords

COVID-19
treatment
clinical trials
Chloroquine
Lopinavir-ritonavir
Remdesivir
Tocilizumab
Camostat mesilate

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Review Article

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

Electron J Gen Med, 2020 - Volume 17 Issue 6, Article No: em227

Publication date: 05 Apr 2020

Article Views: 4273

Article Downloads: 2660

Open Access Disclosure References How to cite this article

Disclosure

Declaration of Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest is declared by author(s).

References

Aljofan M, Gaipov A. Chloroquine and COVID-19: A Light at the End of the Tunnel, or is it Another Train?. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(4):em207. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7863
Zhao H, Wald J, Palmer M, Han Y. Hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure in twins. Journal of thoracic disease. 2018;10(1):E70. https://doi.org/10.21037/JTD.2017.12.66 PMID:29600108 PMCID:PMC5863196
Zeldin RK, Petruschke RA. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2004;53(1):4-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh029 PMID:14657084
Chu C, Cheng V, Hung I, Wong M, Chan K, Chan K, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax. 2004;59(3):252-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.2003.012658 PMID:14985565 PMCID:PMC1746980
Park S, Lee J, Son J, Ko J, Peck K, Jung Y, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis for Middle East respiratory syndrome in healthcare workers. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2019;101(1):42-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.09.005 PMID:30240813 PMCID:PMC7114948
De Clercq E. New Nucleoside Analogues for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections. Chemistry–An Asian Journal. 2019;14(22):3962-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201900841 PMID:31389664
Tchesnokov EP, Feng JY, Porter DP, Götte M. Mechanism of inhibition of Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir. Viruses. 2019;11(4):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040326 PMID:30987343 PMCID:PMC6520719
Yethindra V. Role of GS-5734 (Remdesivir) in inhibiting SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: The expected role of GS-5734 (Remdesivir) in COVID-19 (2019-nCoV)-VYTR hypothesis. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;11(SPL1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11iSPL1.1973
NIH clinical trial of remdesivir to treat COVID-19 begins. U.S. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-remdesivir-treat-covid-19-begins [press release]. U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesFebruary 25, 2020.
Clinical trials on Remdesivir and COVID-19 [cited 2020 April 2]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=COVID-19
Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey Jr RT, Tshiani Mbaya O, Proschan M, Mukadi D, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;381(24):2293-303. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910993 PMID:31774950
Sebba A. Tocilizumab: the first interleukin-6-receptor inhibitor. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2008;65(15):1413-8. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070449 PMID:18653811
Maini R, Taylor P, Szechinski J, Pavelka K, Bröll J, Balint G, et al. Double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin‐6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2006;54(9):2817-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22033 PMID:16947782
Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Gödel P, Subklewe M, Stemmler HJ, Schlößer HA, Schlaak M, et al. Cytokine release syndrome. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer. 2018;6(1):56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-018-0343-9 PMID:29907163 PMCID:PMC6003181
Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):473-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30317-2
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). 2020 [Available at: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=49409
Yamauchi J-i, Takeda K, Shibuya K, Sunamura M, Matsuno S. Continuous Regional Application of Protease Inhibitor in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2001;1(6):662-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000055878 PMID:12120251
Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426(6965):450-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02145 PMID:14647384 PMCID:PMC7095016
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 PMID:32142651 PMCID:PMC7102627

How to cite this article

Vancouver

Aljofan M, Gaipov A. COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(6):em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

APA

Aljofan, M., & Gaipov, A. (2020). COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

AMA

Aljofan M, Gaipov A. COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(6), em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

Chicago

Aljofan, Mohamad, and Abduzhappar Gaipov. "COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time". Electronic Journal of General Medicine 2020 17 no. 6 (2020): em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

Harvard

Aljofan, M., and Gaipov, A. (2020). COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890

MLA

Aljofan, Mohamad et al. "COVID-19 Treatment: The Race Against Time". Electronic Journal of General Medicine, vol. 17, no. 6, 2020, em227. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7890