COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date

Luigi Santacroce; Ioannis Alexandros Charitos; Raffaele Del Prete

doi:10.29333/ejgm/7926

Full Text (PDF)

Luigi Santacroce ¹ ^* , Ioannis Alexandros Charitos ², Raffaele Del Prete ³

More Detail

¹ Ionian Department, Microbiology and Virology Lab., University Hospital of Bari, Bari, ITALY
² Regional Emergency Service, National Poisoning Center, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, ITALY
³ Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, ITALY
^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

This paper is aimed to point out the current state of the COVID-19 pandemics in Italy. Currently, COVID-19 is an international crisis and all the continents have recorded a certain number of cases to date. After the first report of such infectious threat in China, the disease has progressively widespread thorough the world, and all the countries have attempted to point out specific protocols and therapies to face this new, unknown condition. The authors report an overview of how the Italian health service is facing this crisis after two months from the first internal reported cases. At last, special considerations highlight the non-sanitary issues of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.

Keywords

COVID-19
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
Italy outbreak
healh policy
health funding

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Perspective Article

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

Electron J Gen Med, 2020 - Volume 17 Issue 6, Article No: em235

Publication date: 08 Apr 2020

Article Views: 3238

Article Downloads: 2355

Open Access References How to cite this article

References

WHO. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005). Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Jan 30, 2020.
WHO. Disease outbreak news: Update. 12 January 2020.
WHO. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 1 21 January 2020.
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. JAMA. 2020;2019:25-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Tyrrell DAJ, Bynoe ML. Cultivation of a novel type of common cold virus in organ culture. Br. Med. J. 1965;1:1467. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5448.1467
Tyrrell DAJ, Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Malluci L, Mcintosh K. Coronaviruses. Nature. 1968;220:650. https://doi.org/10.1038/220650b0
Prete RD, Ronga L, Addati G, Magrone R, Abbasciano A, Carlo DD, Santacroce L. A Retrospective Study about the Impact of Switching from Nested PCR to Multiplex Real-Time PCR on the Distribution of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jul 30;55(8). pii: E418. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080418
Mosca A, Carucci A, Santacroce L, Schettini F, De Mattia D, Miragliotta G. Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in young healthy children: rate of carriage, serotype distribution, and antibiotic resistance. New Microbiol. 2003 Apr;26(2):187-92.
Di Serio F, Lovero R, D’Agostino D, Nisi L, Miragliotta G, Contino R, Man A., Ciccone M.M., Santacroce L. Evaluation of procalcitonin, Vitamin D and C-reactive protein levels in septic patients with positive emocoltures. Our preliminary experience. Acta Medica Mediterr 2016;32:1911-4. https://doi.org/10.19193/0393-6384_2016_6_182
Charitos IA, Topi S, Castellaneta F, D’Agostino D. Current Issues and Perspectives in Patients with Possible Sepsis at Emergency Departments. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019 May 7;8(2). pii: E56. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020056
D’Agostino D, Cappabianca G, Rotunno C, Castellaneta F, Quagliara T, Carrozzo A, Mastro F, Charitos IA, Beghi C. The Preoperative Inflammatory Status Affects the Clinical Outcome in Cardiac Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019 Oct 5;8(4). pii: E176. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040176
Fornasin A, Breschi M, Manfredini M. Spanish Flu in Italy: New Data, New Questions. Infez Med. 2018;26(1):97-106.
https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_gennaio_30/coronavirus-italia-corona-9d6dc436-4343-11ea-bdc8-faf1f56f19b7.shtml
WHO. Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 11 31 January 2020.
WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report –24 13 February 2020.
WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report –25 14 February 2020. https://doi.org/10.7175/cmi.v14i1.1467
WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 33 22 February 2020.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 37 26 February 2020.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 11-22 March 2020.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 77 06 April 2020.
Epicentro, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, L’epidemiologia per la sanità pubblicaSorveglianza Integrata COVID-19 in Italia (Ordinanza n. 640 del 27/02/2020), Aggiornamento 5 April 2020.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/Palazzo_Chigi/coronavirus-firmato-il-dpcm-8-marzo-2020
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/Palazzo_Chigi/dpcm-9-marzo-2020
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Available at: http://www.governo.it/it/articolo/coronavirus-conte-firma-il-dpcm-11-marzo-2020/14299
WHO. Global surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-2019). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) (Accessed Jan 31, 2020).
WHO. Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care, and in health care settings in the context of COVID-19. Interim guidance 19 March 2020.
Epicentro, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, L’epidemiologia per la sanità pubblica, Caratteristiche dei pazienti deceduti positivi a COVID-19 in Italia, 2020.
WHO. Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus. 4 March 2020.
Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response. JAMA. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4031
Rosenbaum L. Facing Covid-19 in Italy — Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic’s Front Line. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005492
Bollettino epidemiologico Regione Puglia 06/04/2020,Italia
Report_Osservatorio_GIMBE_2019.07_Definanziamento_SSN
Kim E, Erdos G, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Balmert SC, Carey CD, Raj VS, et al. Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: Immunogenicity and rapid translational development, EBioMedicine 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102743
Hauser J, Jackson A. NASA images show a de-crease in China’s pollution related to coronavirus shutdown. CNN. 2020. Available at: www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/world/nasa-china-pollution-coronavirus-trnd-scn/index.html
Gudi SK, Tiwari KK. Preparedness and lessons learned from the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Occup Environ Med 2020;11:108-12. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.1977
Leichfield G. We’re not going back to normal. MIT Tech Rev. March 17, 2020.
Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Kolveris N, D’Agostino D, Topi S, Ballini A, Santacroce L. Philosophy and Hippocratic Ethic in Ancient Greek Society: Evolution of Hospital - Sanctuaries. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Oct 13;7(19):3353-7. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.474
Emanuel EJ, Persad G, Upshur R, Thome B, Parker M, Glickman A, Zhang C, Boyle C, Smith M, Phillips JP. Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb2005114
Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA. The impact of COVID-19 on Italy: a lesson for the future. Int J Occup Environ Med 2020;11:e4-e5. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.1984

How to cite this article

Vancouver

Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Del Prete R. COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(6):em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

APA

Santacroce, L., Charitos, I. A., & Del Prete, R. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

AMA

Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Del Prete R. COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(6), em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

Chicago

Santacroce, Luigi, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, and Raffaele Del Prete. "COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date". Electronic Journal of General Medicine 2020 17 no. 6 (2020): em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

Harvard

Santacroce, L., Charitos, I. A., and Del Prete, R. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926

MLA

Santacroce, Luigi et al. "COVID-19 in Italy: An Overview from the First Case to Date". Electronic Journal of General Medicine, vol. 17, no. 6, 2020, em235. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7926