Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy
Full Text (PDF)
Ionela Daniela Ferțu 1 2 , Claudia Simona Stefan 1 2 * , Ancuta Dinu Iacob 1 2 , Simona Steliana Tudor 1 2
More Detail
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA2 Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, ROMANIA* Corresponding Author
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The development of anti-aging therapies has become a major area of interest in biomedical sciences, aiming to both extend life span and improve their quality. Identifying safe, accessible, and non-invasive interventions capable of moderating the pace of the aging process and promoting healthy senescence could have a substantial impact on both the quality of life and the sustainability of healthcare systems for the elderly population. Although numerous supplements and interventions available on the market claim the ability to slow down the aging process, the scientific validation of these claims remains, in most cases, insufficient or non-existent. This paper reviews current anti-aging therapies, including pharmacological interventions, gene therapies, and regenerative methods. Their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and challenges associated with clinical application are also discussed.
License
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article Type: Review Article
ELECTRON J GEN MED, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2026, Article No: em725
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
Publication date: 12 Mar 2026
Article Views: 17
Article Downloads: 6
Open Access References How to cite this articleReferences
- Song L, Zhang S. Anti-aging activity and modes of action of compounds from natural food sources. Biomolecules. 2023;13(11):1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111600 PMid:38002283 PMCid:PMC10669485
- Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 PMid:19621072 PMCid:PMC2707599
- Harman D. The aging process. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981; 78(11):7124-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.11.7124 PMid:6947277 PMCid:PMC349208
- Olovnikov AM. Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: Origin of the theory. Exp Gerontol. 1996;31(4):443-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(96)00005-8 PMid:9415101
- Orgel LE. The maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to ageing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1963;49(4):517-21. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.49.4.517 PMid:13940312 PMCid:PMC299893
- López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153(6):1194-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 PMid:23746838 PMCid:PMC3836174
- Martin GM. The biology of aging: 1985-2010 and beyond. FASEB J. 2011;25(11):3756-62. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-1102.ufm PMid:22046003 PMCid:PMC4050331
- Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:141-55. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042909-093756 PMid:21090961 PMCid:PMC3759035
- Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, et al. The Achilles’ heel of senescent cells: From transcriptome to senolytic drugs. Aging Cell. 2015;14(4):644-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12344 PMid:25754370 PMCid:PMC4531078
- Fridman JS, Lowe SW. Control of apoptosis by p53. Oncogene. 2003;22(56):9030-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207116 PMid:14663481
- Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, et al. Identification of a novel senolytic agent, navitoclax, targeting the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic factors. Aging Cell. 2016;15(3):428-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12445 PMid:26711051 PMCid:PMC4854923
- Zhu Y, Doornebal EJ, Pirstkhalava T, et al. New agents that target senescent cells: The flavone, fisetin, and the BCL-XL inhibitors, A1331852 and A1155463. Aging (Albany NY). 2017;9(3):955-963. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101202 PMid:28273655 PMCid:PMC5391241
- Onken B, Sedore CA, Coleman-Hulbert AL, et al. Metformin treatment of diverse Caenorhabditis species reveals the importance of genetic background in longevity and healthspan extension outcomes. Aging Cell. 2022;21(1):e13488. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13093 PMid:35032421 PMCid:PMC8761013
- Martin-Montalvo A, Mercken EM, Mitchell SJ, et al. Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2192. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3192 PMid:23900241 PMCid:PMC3736576
- Montero JC, Seoane S, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Inhibition of Src family kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases by dasatinib: Possible combinations in solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(17):5546-52. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2616 PMid:21670084
- Harrison DE, Strong R, Sharp ZD, et al. Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Nature. 2009;460(7253):392-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08221 PMid:19587680 PMCid:PMC2786175
- Longo VD, Antebi A, Bartke A, et al. Interventions to slow aging in humans: Are we ready? Aging Cell. 2015;14(4):497-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12338 PMid:25902704 PMCid:PMC4531065
- Ocampo A, Reddy P, Martinez-Redondo P, et al. In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogramming. Cell. 2016;167(7):1719-1733.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.052 PMid:27984723 PMCid:PMC5679279
- Moreno-Sánchez I, Hernandez-Huertas L, Nahon-Cano D, et al. Enhanced RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas technology in zebrafish. bioRxiv. 2024;2024.10.08.617220. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.08.617220
- Takata H, Masuda Y, Ohmido N. CRISPR imaging reveals chromatin fluctuation at the centromere region related to cellular senescence. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):14609. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41770-6 PMid:37670098 PMCid:PMC10480159
- Shammaa R, El-Kadiry AEH, Abusarah J, Rafei M. Mesenchymal stem cells beyond regenerative medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00072 PMid:32133358 PMCid:PMC7040370
- Ullah I, Subbarao RB, Rho GJ. Human mesenchymal stem cells–Current trends and future prospective. Biosci Rep. 2015;35(2):e00191. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20150025 PMid:25797907 PMCid:PMC4413017
- Riazifar M, Mohammadi MR, Pone EJ, et al. Stem cell-derived exosomes as nanotherapeutics for autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. ACS Nano. 2019; 13(6):6670-88. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01004 PMid:31117376 PMCid:PMC6880946
- Guy R, Offen D. Promising opportunities for treating neurodegenerative diseases with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Biomolecules. 2020;10(9):1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091320 PMid:32942544 PMCid:PMC7564210
- Lener T, Gimona M, Aigner L, et al. Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials–An ISEV position paper. J Extracell Vesicles. 2015;4:30087. https://doi.org/10.3402/jev.v4.30087 PMid:26725829 PMCid:PMC4698466
- Katsuda T, Kosaka N, Takeshita F, Ochiya T. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Proteomics. 2013;13(10-11):1637-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201200373 PMid:23335344
- Zhang Y, Chopp M, Liu XS, et al. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells promote axonal growth of cortical neurons. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(4):2659-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9851-0 PMid:26993303 PMCid:PMC5028236
- Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirzaei S, et al. Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15(1):83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4 PMid:35765040 PMCid:PMC9238168
- Fontana L, Partridge L, Longo VD. Extending healthy life span--from yeast to humans. Science. 2010;328(5976):321-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172539 PMid:20395504 PMCid:PMC3607354
- Hayflick L. Dietary restriction: Theory fails to satiate. Science. 2010;329(5995):1014-5. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5995.1014 PMid:20798300
- Curtis J, De Cabo R. Utilizing calorie restriction to evaluate the role of sirtuins in healthspan and lifespan of mice. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;1077:303-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-637-5_20 PMid:24014415
- Kitada M, Koya D. The use of calorie restriction mimetics to study aging. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;1048:95-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-556-9_8 PMid:23929100
- Baur JA, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: The in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5(6):493-506. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2060 PMid:16732220
- Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. Cell. 2006;127(6):1109-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.013 PMid:17112576 PMCid:PMC8910699
- Lee S, Schmitt CA. The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21(1):94-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-018-0249-2 PMid:30602768
- Chuang S-Y, Lin C-H, Fang J-Y. Natural compounds and aging: Between autophagy and inflammasome. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:297293. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/297293 PMid:25298963 PMCid:PMC4179937
- Herranz N, Gil J. Mechanisms and functions of cellular senescence. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(4):1238-46. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI95148 PMid:29608137 PMCid:PMC5873888
- Di Micco R, Krizhanovsky V, Baker D, d’Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence in ageing: From mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021; 22(2):75-95. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-00314-w PMid:33328614 PMCid:PMC8344376
- Sun C, Zhao C, Guven EC, et al. Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. Food Front. 2020;1(1):18-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.15
- Liu Y, Fang M, Tu X, et al. Dietary polyphenols as anti-aging agents: Targeting the hallmarks of aging. Nutrients. 2024;16(19):3305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193305 PMid:39408272 PMCid:PMC11478989
- Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J. Immune enhancing effects of WB365, a novel combination of ashwagandha (withania somnifera) and maitake (grifola frondosa) extracts. N Am J Med Sci. 2011;3(7):320-4. https://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2011.3320 PMid:22540105 PMCid:PMC3336880
- Tang R, Chen X, Dang T, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides extend the mean lifespan of drosophila melanogaster. Food Funct. 2019;10(7):4231-41. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO01751D PMid:31259337
- Zheng X, Wang J, Bi F, et al. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on ovariectomy induced cognition reduction in aging mice. Int J Mol Med. 2021;48(1):121. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4954 PMid:33955518 PMCid:PMC8121556
- Li H, Li Z, Peng L, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced photo-damage. Free Radic Res. 2017;51(2):200-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2017.1294755 PMid:28287048
- Xia G, Xin N, Liu W, Yao H, Hou Y, Qi J. Inhibitory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on cell apoptosis and senescence is potentially mediated by the p53 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9(4):1237-41. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1964 PMid:24549741
- Doan VM, Chen C, Lin X, et al. Yulangsan polysaccharide improves redox homeostasis and immune impairment in D-galactose-induced mimetic aging. Food Funct. 2015;6(5):1712-8. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO00238A PMid:25920068
- Zhang M, Cui S, Mao B, et al. Urolithin a produced by novel microbial fermentation possesses anti-aging effects by improving mitophagy and reducing reactive oxygen species in caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem. 2023;71(16):6348-57. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01062 PMid:37040550
- Lai P, Liu Y. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides inhibit endothelial progenitor cell senescence through the reduction of oxidative stress and activation of the Akt/hTERT pathway. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(12):1842-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1027779 PMid:25845638
- Chen P, He D, Zhang Y, et al. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides activate antioxidant defense by promoting Nrf2-dependent cytoprotection and ameliorate stress insult during aging. Food Funct. 2016;7(11):4576-88. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO00628K PMid:27722689
- Yuan F, Gao Z, Liu W, et al. Characterization, antioxidant, anti-aging and organ protective effects of sulfated polysaccharides from flammulina velutipes. Molecules. 2019;24(19):3517. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193517 PMid:31569331 PMCid:PMC6803911
- Zhang Z, Wang X, Pan Y, Wang G, Mao G. The degraded polysaccharide from pyropia haitanensis represses amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity and memory in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;146:725-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.243 PMid:31739053
- Yue Y, Li Z, Li P, et al. Antiviral activity of a polysaccharide from Laminaria japonica against enterovirus 71. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;96:256-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.117 PMid:28987950
- da Veiga Correia VT, Silva VDM, de Oliveira Prata mendoca H, et al. Efficiency of different solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plinia cauliflora and syzygium cumini fruits as evaluated by paper spray mass spectrometry. Molecules. 2023;28(5):2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052359 PMid:36903602 PMCid:PMC10005132
- Nile SH, Park SW. Edible berries: Bioactive components and their effect on human health. Nutrition. 2014;30(2):134-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.007 PMid:24012283 PMCid:PMC9727542
- Wang F, Zhao Q, Li S, et al. Genetic mechanisms, biological function, and biotechnological advance in sorghum tannins research. Biotechnol Adv. 2025;81:108573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108573 PMid:40169114
- Köpsel M, Kostka T, Niesen S, Winterhalter P, Esatbeyoglu T. Influence of fractionation of polyphenols by membrane chromatography on antioxidant, antimicrobial and proliferation-inhibiting effects of red fruit juices. Food Chem. 2025;463(Pt 2):141216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141216 PMid:39357108
- Jin H-M, Dang B, Zhang W-G, Zheng W-C, Yang X-J. Polyphenol and anthocyanin composition and activity of highland barley with different colors. Molecules. 2022;27(11):3411. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113411 PMid:35684349 PMCid:PMC9181920
- de Melo LFM, de Queiroz Aquino-Martins VG, da Silva AP, Oliveira Rocha HA, Scortecci KC. Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications. Food Chem. 2023;414:135645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135645 PMid:36821920
- Hossain M. Grassroots innovation: A systematic review of two decades of research. J Clean Prod. 2016;137:973-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.140
- Walia SS, Dhaliwal SS, Gill RS, et al. Improvement of soil health and nutrient transformations under balanced fertilization with integrated nutrient management in a rice-wheat system in indo-gangetic plains–A 34-year research outcomes. Heliyon. 2024;10(4):e25113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25113 PMid:38370188 PMCid:PMC10869767
- Kleszcz R, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Baer-Dubowska W. Tannins in cancer prevention and therapy. Br J Pharmacol. 2025;182(10):2075-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16224 PMid:37614022
- Tian X, Yuan X, Feng D, et al. In vivo study of polyurethane and tannin-modified hydroxyapatite composites for calvarial regeneration. J Tissue Eng. 2020;11:2041731420968030. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041731420968030 PMid:33282174 PMCid:PMC7682243
- Chu X, Liu J, Gu W, et al. Study of the properties of carotenoids and key carotenoid biosynthesis genes from Deinococcus xibeiensis R13. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022;69(4):1459-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2217 PMid:34159631
- Pérez-Gálvez A, Viera I, Roca M. Carotenoids and chlorophylls as antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(6):505. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060505 PMid:32526968 PMCid:PMC7346216
- Bin-Jumah M, Alwakeel SS, Moga M, Buvnariu L, Bigiu N, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Application of carotenoids in cosmetics. In: Zia-Ul-Haq M, Dewanjee S, Riaz M, editors. Carotenoids: Structure and function in the human body. Cham: Springer; 2021. p. 747-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_24
- Mussagy CU, Winterburn J, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pereira JFB. Production and extraction of carotenoids produced by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;103(3):1095-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9557-5 PMid:30560452
- Darvin ME, Lademann J, von Hagen J, et al. Carotenoids in human skin in vivo: Antioxidant and photo-protectant role against external and internal stressors. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(8):1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081451 PMid:35892651 PMCid:PMC9394334
- Sathasivam R, Ki J-S. A review of the biological activities of microalgal carotenoids and their potential use in healthcare and cosmetic industries. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(1):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16010026 PMid:29329235 PMCid:PMC5793074
- Aslam S, Ahmad M, Riaz M. Stability of carotenoids. In: Zia-Ul-Haq M, Dewanjee S, Riaz M, editors. Carotenoids: Structure and function in the human body. Cham: Springer; 2021. p. 251-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_8
- Bungau S, Abdel-Daim MM, Tit DM, et al. Health benefits of polyphenols and carotenoids in age-related eye diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:9783429. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9783429 PMid:30891116 PMCid:PMC6390265
- Eggersdorfer M, Wyss A. Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018;652:18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.001 PMid:29885291
- Amorim-Carrilho KT, Cepeda A, Fente C, Regal P. Review of methods for analysis of carotenoids. TrAC Trends Anal Chem. 2014;56:49-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.12.011
- Riaz M, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Dou D. Chemistry of carotenoids. In: Zia-Ul-Haq M, Dewanjee S, Riaz M, editors. Carotenoids: Structure and function in the human body. Cham: Springer; 2021. p. 43-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_2
- Abir MH, Mahamud AGMSU, Tonny SH, et al. Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging-related disorders: A review. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(10):5701-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3523 PMid:37823149 PMCid:PMC10563689
- Bacanli M, Başaran N, Başaran AA. Lycopene: Is it beneficial to human health as an antioxidant? Turk J Pharm Sci. 2017;14(3):311-8. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.43043 PMid:32454630 PMCid:PMC7227929
- Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Phenolic compounds protect HepG2 cells from oxidative damage: Relevance of glutathione levels. Life Sci. 2006;79(21):2056-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.06.042 PMid:16857214
- Tang J, Xu W, Yu Y, Yin S, Ye BC, Zhou Y. The role of the gut microbial metabolism of sterols and bile acids in human health. Biochimie. 2025;230:43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2024.11.003 PMid:39542125
- Yu P, Zhou M, Yu D, et al. Targeted regulation of sterol biosynthesis genes according to perturbations in ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. J Adv Res. 2025;77:341-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.046 PMid:39892608 PMCid:PMC12627898
- Singh H, Kamal YT, Pandohee J, et al. Dietary phytochemicals alleviate the premature skin aging: A comprehensive review. Exp Gerontol. 2025;199:112660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2024.112660 PMid:39694450
- Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):308-19. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.22804 PMid:23467476 PMCid:PMC3583892
- Chen S, Yong T, Zhang Y, Su J, Jiao C, Xie Y. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic ergosterols from ganoderma lucidum. Front Chem. 2017;5:85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2017.00085 PMid:29164102 PMCid:PMC5670154
- Hu Z, He B, Ma L, Sun Y, Niu Y, Zeng B. Recent advances in ergosterol biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indian J Microbiol. 2017;57(3):270-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-017-0657-1 PMid:28904410 PMCid:PMC5574775
- Tieu EW, Li W, Chen J, Baldisseri DM, Slominski AT, Tuckey RC. Metabolism of cholesterol, vitamin D3 and 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 incorporated into phospholipid vesicles by human CYP27A1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;129(3-5):163-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.11.012 PMid:22210453 PMCid:PMC3303980
- Jensen MB, Nielsen JE, Jorgensen A, et al. Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(5):1303-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq024 PMid:20172873
- Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, et al. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;232:114175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175 PMid:35151223 PMCid:PMC8813210
- Ashor AW, Brown R, Keenan PD, Willis ND, Siervo M, Mathers JC. Limited evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Res. 2019;61:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2018.08.005 PMid:30683434
- Zou Y-X, Ruan M-H, Luan J, Feng X, Chen S, Chu Z-Y. Anti-aging effect of riboflavin via endogenous antioxidant in fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(3):314-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-016-0752-8 PMid:28244572 PMCid:PMC12879787
- La Fata G, van Vliet N, barnhoorn S, et al. Vitamin E supplementation reduces cellular loss in the brain of a premature aging mouse model. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2017;4(4):226-35.
- Guida JL, Agurs-Collins T, Ahles TA, et al. Strategies to prevent or remediate cancer and treatment-related aging. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(2):112-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaa060 PMid:32348501 PMCid:PMC7850536
- Liu X, Yang Q, Li H, et al. The anti-aging effect of velvet antler polypeptide is dependent on modulation of the gut microbiota and regulation of the PPARα/APOE4 pathway. J Integr Neurosci. 2021;20(3):573-83. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2003061 PMid:34645090
- Takahashi T, Nakaso K, Horikoshi Y, et al. Rice bran dietary supplementation improves neurological symptoms and loss of purkinje cells in vitamin e-deficient mice. Yonago Acta Med. 2016;59(3):188-95.
- Takuathung MN, Klinjan P, Sakuludomkan W, et al. Efficacy and safety of the genistein nutraceutical product containing vitamin e, vitamin B3, and ceramide on skin health in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4):1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041326 PMid:36835861 PMCid:PMC9963595
- Fujitaka Y, Hamada H, Uesugi D, et al. Synthesis of daidzein glycosides, α-tocopherol glycosides, hesperetin glycosides by bioconversion and their potential for anti-allergic functional-foods and cosmetics. Molecules. 2019;24(16):2975. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162975 PMid:31426346 PMCid:PMC6721765
- Jang SI, Jung Y-C, Suk J, et al. A long term study of the difference in efficacy and effect rate of various concentrations of retinol (1500-6600 IU) in middle aged women. Arch Dermatol Res. 2023;315(5):1323-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02520-2 PMid:36574043
- Booth SL, Shea MK, Barger K, et al. Association of vitamin K with cognitive decline and neuropathology in community-dwelling older persons. Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2022;8(1): e12255. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12255 PMid:35475263 PMCid:PMC9019903
- Ambrożewicz E, Muszyńska M, Tokajuk G, Grynkiewicz G, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Beneficial effects of vitamins k and D3 on redox balance of human osteoblasts cultured with hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. Cells. 2019;8(4): 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8040325 PMid:30965604 PMCid:PMC6523281
How to cite this article
Vancouver
Ferțu ID, Stefan CS, Dinu Iacob A, Tudor SS. Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy. ELECTRON J GEN MED. 2026;23(2):em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
APA
Ferțu, I. D., Stefan, C. S., Dinu Iacob, A., & Tudor, S. S. (2026). Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 23(2), em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
AMA
Ferțu ID, Stefan CS, Dinu Iacob A, Tudor SS. Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy. ELECTRON J GEN MED. 2026;23(2), em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
Chicago
Ferțu, Ionela Daniela, Claudia Simona Stefan, Ancuta Dinu Iacob, and Simona Steliana Tudor. "Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy". Electronic Journal of General Medicine 2026 23 no. 2 (2026): em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
Harvard
Ferțu, I. D., Stefan, C. S., Dinu Iacob, A., and Tudor, S. S. (2026). Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 23(2), em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092
MLA
Ferțu, Ionela Daniela et al. "Contemporary approaches in anti-aging therapy". Electronic Journal of General Medicine, vol. 23, no. 2, 2026, em725. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/18092